Section 11(g) protects against which of the following?

• A. Convicting someone for acts that were not offences at the time they were committed.
• B. Allowing retroactive criminalization.
• C. Convicting someone without a fair trial.
• D. Using international law as the sole basis for conviction.

Answer: (A)

Section 11(g) protects against convicting someone for acts that were not offenses at the time they were committed. In other words, it bars retroactive criminalization—the idea that you can’t punish someone under a law that didn’t exist when the conduct occurred. This keeps the justice system predictable and fair: people must be judged by laws that were in force at the time of their actions.

The other options describe different protections. Convicting someone without a fair trial concerns the right to a proper, fair hearing, not retroactivity. Using international law as the sole basis for conviction would raise separate legal questions, but it’s not what 11(g) addresses.