Under section 19(1), in courts established by Parliament, which language usage is allowed?

• A. Either English or French may be used by any person in, or in any pleading in or process issuing from, any court established by Parliament.
• B. Only English may be used.
• C. Only French may be used.
• D. Language choice is at the court's discretion, not determined by the litigant.

Answer: (A)

The essential idea is that for courts established by Parliament, language rights ensure that a person may use either of Canada's official languages in pleadings or any court processes. This means the choice belongs to the litigant, not to the court, and the court must accommodate that choice.

Section 19(1) of the Charter explicitly states that any person may use either English or French in, or in any pleading in or process issuing from, any court established by Parliament. That guarantees equal access to federal courts by allowing bilingual use across filings and proceedings. The other options would improperly limit language use or give the court discretionary control over language, which contradicts this right.